mineral

Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically colorless, but can be yellow, brown, or blue; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral; Cleavage: Perfect in four directions; Specific Gravity: 3.51

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale)
Color: Typically colorless, but can be yellow, brown, or blue
Luster: Adamantine

Identified April 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle; brought to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions (kimberlite or lamproite pipes).

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in jewelry as gemstones; industrial uses include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to extreme hardness; high-end electronics for heat dissipation.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known to man. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old. The word 'diamond' comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high refractive index (brilliance) and ability to scratch any other material. Commonly found in alluvial deposits or within kimberlite pipes in locations like South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana.