mineral

Diamond

C (Native Carbon)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (standard), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle (150-250km) under extreme pressure and temperature, typically brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions. Most specimens are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in jewelry (gemstones) and industrially as an abrasive for cutting, drilling, and grinding due to its unmatched hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. Approximately 80% of mined diamonds are used for industrial purposes rather than jewelry.

Field identification & locations

Identification involves measuring thermal conductivity, refraction, and checking for octahedral crystal habits in rough form. Commonly found in Botswana, Russia, Canada, and South Africa.