igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Gray, white, and pinkish speckles. Luster: Dull to vitreous (pearly on feldspar faces). Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: None (rock-wide), but individual minerals exhibit specific cleavage. Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Gray, white, and pinkish speckles
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous (pearly on feldspar faces)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Gray, white, and pinkish speckles. Luster: Dull to vitreous (pearly on feldspar faces). Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: None (rock-wide), but individual minerals exhibit specific cleavage. Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granites are associated with mountain-building events and range from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, floor tiles, paving stones), monuments, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Commonly found in mountainous regions or shield areas. It is one of the most common rocks on Earth.
