mineral

Carnelian

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide impurities

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; SG: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified May 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; SG: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica in cavities of volcanic rocks, often colored by hematite impurities during or after crystallization. Found in ancient basalt flows.

Uses & applications

Mainly used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, wax seals, and spiritual healing practices.

Geological facts

In ancient Egypt, carnelian was linked to the goddess Isis and was worn by architects to show their rank. It is a translucent variety of chalcedony.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its uniform orange-red color and waxy luster. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. It can be distinguished from red jasper by its translucency.

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