Mineral

Olivine

(Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Olive green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal structure: Orthorhombic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific gravity: 3.2-4.4 depending on iron content.

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in high-temperature environments, typical of igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite. Commonly found in Earth's mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Can also be found in some meteorites.

Uses & applications

A major source of magnesium. Clear, gem-quality varieties are known as peridot and are used in jewelry. Also used as a refractory material and in some foundry sands.

Geological facts

Olivine is one of the most common minerals on Earth by volume, making up a significant portion of the upper mantle. Peridot is recognized as the birthstone for August.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its characteristic olive-green color, glassy luster, and conchoidal fracture. Often found as granular masses or small grains in basaltic rocks. Collectors look for well-formed crystals or large gem-quality pieces.