mineral

Hematite

Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic) or reddish-brown (earthy), Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic, Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5

Identified May 27, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Steel-gray to black (metallic) or reddish-brown (earthy), Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic, Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Particularly associated with Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) from the Precambrian era (over 2 billion years old).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in jewelry as beads and carvings; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge) and as a pigment in paints and cosmetics.

Geological facts

The name Hematite is derived from 'haima,' the Greek word for blood, because it leaves a red-to-brown streak when scratched. It was famously discovered on Mars by the Opportunity rover, indicating the past presence of water.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak (even if the specimen is black). It is much denser than most common minerals and is often slightly magnetic if it contains magnetite inclusions. Commonly found in Brazil, Australia, and Lake Superior (USA).