Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-gray, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks or as a precipitate in aqueous environments (sedimentary). Most large deposits are found in banded iron formations formed over 2 billion years ago.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production. Used as a pigment (ochre), in crystal healing, and carved into small decorative shapes like this mushroom for jewelry or display.

Geological Facts

Despite looking black or metallic silver, when hematite is ground into a powder or rubbed on a streak plate, it leaves a distinct blood-red streak. Its name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its high density (it feels heavy for its size) and its characteristic reddish-brown streak. It is often found in massive or botryoidal (form resembling grapes) habits in the field.

Identified on: 4/15/2026

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