Granite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, or black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Minimal/irregular; Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75

Formation & Geological History

Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. This process occurs in continental crust over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in construction, architectural facades, countertops, monuments, and as ornamental stone or gravel.

Geological Facts

Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota, USA.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and interlocking visible crystals. It is ubiquitous in continental mountain ranges and shield areas like the Canadian Shield or the Appalachians.

Identified on: 5/20/2026

Mode: Standard