mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper silicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 (often higher if silicified); Color: Cyan, turquoise-blue, or green; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic (often amorphous/massive); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.4

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, turquoise-blue, or green
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies where copper-bearing solutions react with silica-rich groundwater. Often found in arid regions.

Uses & applications

Used as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons and beads), and as a popular decorative specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla is often confused with turquoise but can be distinguished by its slightly lower hardness and its tendency to stick to the tongue due to its high water content and porosity. It often occurs as a 'pseudomorph' replacing other minerals.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vivid blue-green color and association with other copper minerals like malachite or azurite. Common in Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Collectors should look for intense color and stability.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

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Epidote

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Nephrite Jade

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Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

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Epidote

Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

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