mineral

Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 Mohs
Color: Pale yellow to golden orange
Luster: Vitreous

Identified May 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine is rare and often forms when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to natural heat from the earth.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings) and as a collector's specimen. It is also significant in lithotherapy or 'crystal healing' contexts.

Geological facts

Naturally occurring citrine is very rare. Most citrine on the market today is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in various cultures.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its transparency and lack of inclusions compared to glass. In the field, look for hexagonal prisms with pyramidal terminations. Major mines are in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.