mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing host rocks (metamorphosed schists or limestones). Found in formations ranging from 30 million to over 2 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Lower-quality opaque specimens are used for mineral collecting and occasionally as a source for beryllium in specialized industrial applications.

Geological facts

Emeralds are famous for their inclusions, often called 'jardin' (French for garden). Historically, Cleopatra was known for her obsession with emeralds from the 'Mons Smaragdus' mines in ancient Egypt.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct hexagonal prism shape and intense green color that does not change under heat. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. In the field, look for green crystals embedded in white quartz or dark schist.

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