Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5; Color: Yellow, orange, reddish-brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.09 (floats in saltwater)

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees. The resin underwent a process of polymerization over millions of years (Cenozoic era, commonly 30-50 million years ago) under high pressure and temperature in sedimentary environments.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry-making (beads, pendants), as a healing stone in folk medicine, and scientifically to study prehistoric DNA and inclusions such as trapped insects or plants.

Geological Facts

Amber is organic matter, not a true inorganic mineral. It is famous for capturing ancient ecosystems in 'inclusions.' The largest deposits are found in the Baltic region.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its warmth to the touch, lightness, and ability to float in a saturated salt-water solution (1 part salt to 2 parts water). To tell apart from plastic, it will give off a pine-like odor when touched with a hot needle.

Identified on: 4/22/2026

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