mineral

Fluorite (specifically Rainbow Fluorite or Purple Fluorite)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Hardness: 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Multi-colored bands (purple, green, clear); Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Cubic or Octahedral; Cleavage: Perfect octahedral (four directions); Specific gravity: 3.17 to 3.56

Hardness: 4 on Mohs scale
Color: Multi-colored bands (purple, green, clear)
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through hydrothermal activity where hot, mineral-rich liquids circulate through fractures in rocks (often igneous or limestone). It occurs across various geological ages and is frequently found in hydrothermal veins and associated with lead and silver ores.

Uses & applications

Used as a flux in steelmaking and aluminum smelting; source of fluorine for hydrofluoric acid; utilized in high-performance optical lenses; popular in lapidary for carvings and decorative tumble stones.

Geological facts

Fluorite is the origin of the term 'fluorescence' because many specimens glow under ultraviolet light. It is often called 'the most colorful mineral in the world' due to the wide range of hues caused by impurities and radiation exposure.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable in the field by its distinct cubic crystal habit and softness (it can be scratched by a steel knife but not a copper coin). Found globally with major deposits in China, Mexico, South Africa, and the Illinois-Kentucky district in the USA. Collectors look for color intensity and distinct banding.

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