Sandstone (Quartzose)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff with white quartz highlights; Luster: Dull or earthy matrix with vitreous grains; Structure: Clastic, granular texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river beds, deserts, or marine environments. This specimen shows iron-oxide staining typical of terrestrial weathering.

Uses & Applications

Used widely as a construction material (stone masonry), road base, and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas in industrial settings.

Geological Facts

Sandstone accounts for approximately 10 to 20 percent of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a key rock for identifying ancient environmental conditions like desert dunes or prehistoric coastlines.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and the presence of visible grains. It can be found globally in outcrop formations and riverbanks. Look for layering (bedding) in larger formations.

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard