Carnelian Agate

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red, brownish-red; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the deposition of silica in cavities of volcanic rocks (basalts). Its color is derived from iron oxide impurities that migrate through the silica gel. Found in various geological ages ranging from Cretaceous to Holocene.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carved into seals and talismans, and as a popular specimen for rock tumbling and metaphysical collections.

Geological Facts

Carnelian was highly valued in Ancient Egypt, where it was believed to assist the soul in its journey to the afterlife. It is a variety of chalcedony that owes its name to the Latin word 'caro' (flesh) or 'cornel' (cherry).

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its translucency (hold to light), waxy texture, and conchoidal (shell-like) fracture patterns. Frequently found in riverbeds and gravel pits in areas with volcanic history.

Identified on: 5/13/2026

Mode: Standard