mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Dull red to black with a metallic or earthy luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Red-brown; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Dull red to black with a metallic or earthy luster
Streak: Red-brown

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Dull red to black with a metallic or earthy luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Streak: Red-brown; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Commonly formed in sedimentary environments as a chemical precipitate or as an oxidation product of iron minerals. Often found in banded iron formations dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paint and cosmetics, and used in jewelry as beads or cabochons.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its powdered form. It is the mineral responsible for the red color of the soil on Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct red or reddish-brown streak when scratched on an unglazed porcelain plate. Commonly found in mining districts and sedimentary rock layers globally.