mineral

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Copper-red to dull brown if tarnished; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94 (very heavy for its size).

Hardness: 2
Color: Copper-red to dull brown if tarnished
Luster: Metallic

Identified February 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral from hydrothermal solutions in volcanic rocks or as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. Many famous specimens date back to the Proterozoic era (approx. 1 billion years ago) in regions like Lake Superior.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used for electrical wiring and electronics due to high conductivity. Also used in construction (roofing/plumbing), alloys (brass and bronze), and jewelry. High-quality specimens are prized for mineral collections.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal ever manipulated by humans. The 'Keweenaw Peninsula' in Michigan is famous for producing 'float copper'—large masses of native copper moved by glaciers during the last ice age.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its high density, 'hackly' fracture (jagged edges), and characteristic reddish-orange color. It is malleable—it can be flattened with a hammer rather than shattering. Common locations include Upper Michigan (USA), Chile, and Australia.