mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified June 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Emeralds form in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins often within metamorphic environments where beryllium and chromium/vanadium meet. Primarily formed during tectonic events millions of years ago.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings, pendants, earrings) and as a highly sought-after collector gemstone. Historically used as a status symbol and for purported healing properties.

Geological facts

The green color is caused by trace amounts of chromium or vanadium. Unlike other gems, inclusions (called 'jardin' or garden) are expected and often used to verify authenticity and origin.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive 'grass-green' hue and hexagonal crystal habit in raw form. Major deposits are found in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Ethiopia. Collectors should look for color saturation and clarity.

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