metamorphic
Jade (Nephrite and Jadeite)
Nephrite: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2; Jadeite: NaAlSi2O6
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Shades of green, white, lavender, black; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Splintery/none in polished form; Specific gravity: 2.9-3.4
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Shades of green, white, lavender, black
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Shades of green, white, lavender, black; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Splintery/none in polished form; Specific gravity: 2.9-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed in high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic environments, often in subduction zones. Nephrite is associated with serpentinite, while jadeite is found in glaucophane-bearing schists.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, beads, and as spiritual or cultural talismans (especially in Chinese and Maori cultures).
Geological facts
Jade is known for its extreme toughness (resistance to fracture) rather than just hardness. It has been used for axe heads since the Neolithic period and is deeply significant in Asian history, often valued more than gold.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and exceptional toughness. It cannot be easily scratched by steel tools. Common locations include Myanmar (Jadeite), British Columbia, New Zealand, and Taiwan (Nephrite).
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