mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless (most common for jewelry), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless (most common for jewelry), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, then transported to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite pipes. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry and gemstones. Also used industrially for cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth and are composed of pure carbon. The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous specimens in history.

Field identification & locations

Identify by testing thermal conductivity or using a professional diamond tester. Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits. Primary locations include South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.