mineral

Amber (Copal)

Fossilized Tree Resin (C10H16O)

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs), Color: brownish-orange to yellow, Luster: resinous to greasy, Crystal structure: Amorphous, Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10

Hardness: 2

Identified April 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs), Color: brownish-orange to yellow, Luster: resinous to greasy, Crystal structure: Amorphous, Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10

Formation & geological history

Formed through the polymerization of tree resin over millions of years. This specimen appears to be 'Copal', an intermediate stage of fossilization between fresh resin and ancient amber, typically thousands to a few million years old.

Uses & applications

Used in gemstone jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a source for biological inclusions (fossils) used in scientific research.

Geological facts

Amber is one of the few organic gemstones. It is famous for trapping insects, plants, and even small vertebrates, preserving them with extraordinary detail for millions of years.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its low weight (it is very light for its size), warm feel to the touch, and characteristic 'pine' smell when rubbed or heat-tested. It is often found in sedimentary deposits or washed up on beaches.