mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (pure) but can be yellow, brown, blue, pink; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal structure: Cubic; Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52

Color: Colorless (pure) but can be yellow, brown, blue, pink
Luster: Adamantine

Identified June 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (pure) but can be yellow, brown, blue, pink; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal structure: Cubic; Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles underground, and brought to the surface by deep-seated volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes. Geological ages range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry, industrial abrasives for cutting and grinding, heat sinks in electronics, and as high-performance bearings.

Geological facts

The image shows the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom, which contains some of the world's most famous diamonds, including the Cullinan II (317.4 carats). Diamonds are the only gemstone made of a single element (carbon) and are the hardest natural substance on Earth.

Field identification & locations

Identify by extreme hardness (scratches glass/corundum), high refractive index (brilliance/fire), and thermal conductivity. Commonly found in major deposits in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.