mineral

Garnet

Pyrope or Almandine (X3Y2(SiO4)3)

Hardness: 6.5–7.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep red to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral); Specific gravity: 3.5–4.3.

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep red to orange-red
Luster: Vitreous to resinous

Identified June 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep red to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric (dodecahedral); Specific gravity: 3.5–4.3.

Formation & geological history

Formed under high temperature and pressure in metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss, or as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks like basalt.

Uses & applications

Used extensively as an abrasive in sandpaper and water-jet cutting, and as a gemstone in jewelry.

Geological facts

Garnet is the official birthstone for January and has been used as a gemstone since the Bronze Age. Crystals are known for their 12-sided (dodecahedron) shape.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its deep red color and crystal habit. Commonly found in river sands (garnet sand) or embedded in metamorphic schist. Found globally, notably in NY (USA), India, and Madagascar.