Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Honey-yellow to orange-brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light/buoyant).

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the fossilization of tree resin (not sap) from prehistoric conifers and broad-leaf trees. Most major deposits date to the Eocene epoch (approx. 30-50 million years ago), though some can be older.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry making (beads, pendants), as a source for perfumes and healing agents in traditional medicine, and as a vital tool for paleontologists due to biological inclusions.

Geological Facts

Amber can float in salt water, which is how it often washes up on beaches after storms. It is one of the few organic 'gemstones.' Many specimens contain perfectly preserved 'inclusions' of insects or plant matter from millions of years ago.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its warmth to the touch compared to glass/stone, its ability to generate static electricity when rubbed (piezoelectricity), and its buoyancy in saturated salt water. Commonly found in the Baltic region (Kaliningrad/Poland) and the Dominican Republic.

Identified on: 4/20/2026

Mode: Standard