Black Tourmaline

Hardness: 7-7.5 (Mohs), Color: Black, Luster: Vitreous to resinous, Crystal structure: Trigonal (often columnar or acicular), Cleavage: Indistinct, Specific Gravity: 3.06-3.26.

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly granite pegmatites and metamorphic schists and gneisses, often at high temperatures and pressures. Its formation is associated with hydrothermal activity. Geological ages vary greatly depending on the rock formation.

Black Tourmaline is used as a gemstone (though typically opaque), in industrial pressure gauges (due to its pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties), and is highly valued in metaphysical practices for protection and grounding. It is also collected by mineral enthusiasts.

Black Tourmaline (Schorl) is the most common variety of Tourmaline, accounting for approximately 95% of all natural tourmaline. It's known for its strong electrical properties and is sometimes called 'the electric stone'. Ancient cultures used it for protection against negative energies.

Identified in the field by its characteristic black color, striated columnar or acicular crystals, and hardness. It's commonly found worldwide in areas rich in granite and metamorphic rocks, including Brazil, Africa, the USA (Maine, California), and Pakistan. Look for dark, often shiny, elongated crystals within lighter host rocks. Collectors often seek well-formed, terminated crystals.