metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lazurite-dominated metamorphic rock ((Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)
Hardness: 5-5.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (usually massive/granular); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (usually massive/granular); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism, where heat and chemical changes transform limestone or marble into lapis lazuli. The most famous deposits are found in the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan, which have been active for over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically as a pigment (ultramarine) for paintings and cosmetics.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun and was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment until synthetic ultramarine was created in the 19th century.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'Royal Blue' color, golden specks of pyrite (fool's gold), and white calcite streaks. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada.
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