Diamond

Physical Properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & Geological History

Formed at high temperature and pressure in the Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface, usually billions of years ago. It is brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces) and industrial applications including cutting tools, abrasives, and drilling bits due to extreme hardness.

Geological Facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth. While often colorless, impurities can turn diamonds yellow, blue, or even pink. Famous diamonds include the Hope Diamond and the Koh-i-Noor.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified in the field by its extreme hardness, high dispersion (fire), and inability to be scratched by other minerals. Found in primary deposits in kimberlite pipes or secondary alluvial deposits in riverbeds.

Identified on: 5/2/2026

Mode: Standard