Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to honey-orange; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light, floats in saltwater).

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the polymerization and fossilization of tree resin over millions of years (typically 30-90 million years old), usually from extinct coniferous trees in forest environments.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry, decorative arts, and perfume manufacturing. Historically used as a traditional medicine and for scientific study of inclusions (extinct insects/plants).

Geological Facts

Amber is organic, not a true mineral. It often preserves ancient DNA and perfectly captures prehistoric life. If rubbed against cloth, it becomes electrostatically charged, a property known since ancient Greece.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its light weight relative to its size and its warm feel; it will float in high-salinity water. Commonly found in the Baltic region and the Dominican Republic.

Identified on: 4/22/2026

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