metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous habit); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03; High toughness.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous habit); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03; High toughness.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional or contact metamorphism of serpentinite or ultramafic rocks. It consists of an interlocking fibrous structure of tremolite or actinolite minerals, giving it extreme durability.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and sculpture. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals called Jade (the other being Jadeite). It is famously known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in Chinese culture and has been used for over 5,000 years for ritual objects.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster and extreme resistance to fracturing. In the field, look for smooth, water-worn boulders in riverbeds in British Columbia, New Zealand, or Wyoming. It won't scratch with a knife but can be scratched by quartz.
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