sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, or reddish
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified May 24, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or marine environments. It can range from millions to hundreds of millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Widely used in construction for building stone, paving, and as an aesthetic veneer. Highly valued in industry for producing glass and for filtering water.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic red cliffs of the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park are famous sandstone formations.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding planes. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.