Man Made Material (Anthropogenic 'Mineraloid')

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride - CaF2)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Dolomite

Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)

Quartz (likely Jasper or Chert variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Blue Chalcedony and Picture Jasper Beads

Blue Chalcedony (SiO2), Picture Jasper (SiO2)

Granite

Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Clear Quartz (or Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Sandstone

Sandstone (arenite is a more specific geological term for a clean sandstone, while wacke refers to a dirty sandstone with significant matrix)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral; CaCO₃)

Fluorite

Fluorite (CaF₂)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral, Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Micaceous Rock (likely Muscovite Schist/Gneiss or a Muscovite-rich Specimen)

Predominantly Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2), often found in rocks like Muscovite Schist or Muscovite Gneiss.