Mineral, Metal (Element)

Fluorite (often referred to casually as 'Fluorspar' in industrial contexts)

Fluorite (CaF2)

Micaceous Sandstone or Quartzite

Sandstone (lithified quartz grains, often with mica) or Quartzite (metamorphosed sandstone)

Unknown Organic Object (likely a berry or fruit)

Not applicable; this is not a geological specimen. If it were a cranberry, its scientific name would be Vaccinium macrocarpon; if a cherry, it would be Prunus avium or Prunus cerasus.

Pearl (Imitation or Cultured)

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite) - CaCO3

Scoria (Lava Rock)

Scoria (Vesicular Basaltic Rock)

Aventurine

Aventurine Quartz (SiO2 with inclusions)

Rutilated Quartz (or Tourmalinated Quartz if inclusions are Tourmaline)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) or Tourmaline inclusions

Iron Meteorite

Iron-nickel alloy (primarily kamacite and taenite)

Sunstone and Green Aventurine

Sunstone: (Ca,Na)[(Al,Si)2Si2O8] (Plagioclase Feldspar Group); Green Aventurine: SiO2 (Quartz)

Slag (Industrial Glass/Metal Waste)

Artificial silicate/ferro-silicate byproduct

Schist (Micaceous Schist)

Micaceous schist (Mainly Muscovite/Biotite mixed with Quartz)

Ferruginous Slag (Iron Smelting Byproduct)

Fused Silicate Scoria (Amorphous mixture of FeO, SiO2, and CaO)

Arsenopyrite in Quartz Matrix

Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) with Quartz (SiO2)

Jade

There are two distinct minerals commonly known as Jade: Nephrite (a calcium magnesium silicate - Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (a sodium aluminum silicate - NaAlSi2O6). Based on the image showing a typically softer, more fibrous appearance, it is likely Nephrite.

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Fluorite and Rose Quartz

Fluorite (CaF2), Rose Quartz (SiO2)

Peridot

Olivine (specifically, the gem-quality variety forsterite, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

Limonite (Iron Ore/Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Limonite (mixture of FeO(OH)·nH₂O minerals, mainly Goethite, FeO(OH) and Lepidocrocite, FeO(OH))

Goethite

Goethite (α-FeO(OH))

Jade

There are two distinct minerals classified as Jade: Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6) and Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2). Based on the image showing translucent, somewhat fibrous material, it is likely Nephrite.

Pink Anthracite Coal (dyed)

Anthracite Coal (Artificially Colored)

Quartz (vein quartz)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Orange Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Rutilated Quartz (beads)

SiO2 with TiO2 inclusions (Titanium Dioxide inclusions within Quartz)

Synthetic Resin / Plastic Figurine

Synthetic Polymer (Copolymer of Polyethylene or Resin)

Calcite

Calcite (CaCO₃)

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Calcite

Calcite (CaCO 3)

Peridot (likely, given the color and bead form)

Olivine, variety Peridot (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Volcanic Rock)

Scoria (Vesicular Basalt)

Scoria (Extrusive Igneous Rock)

Schist

Schist

Lepidolite

K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Cinnabar

Cinnabar (HgS)

Red Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica (Industrial byproduct with metallic oxide dopants)

Green Glass Slag

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metal oxide impurities

Calcite (Yellow/Orange variety - sometimes called Honey Calcite)

Calcite

Fluorite Bracelet (light green beads) and possibly Lavender Jadeite (purple bead)

Fluorite: CaF₂ (Calcium Fluoride); Jadeite: NaAlSi₂O₆ (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)

Rutilated Quartz

Quartz (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) inclusions

Basalt

Basalt

Greisen (Quartz-Muscovite-Turretine Rock)

Greisen