Mineral (Silicate Replaced Organic Material)

Pink Quartz (Rose Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orange Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Kyanite (Blue and Green varieties)

Kyanite (Al₂SiO₅)

Chert (often called Flint when dark or found in chalk)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Chalcedony

Picture Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with mineral inclusions

Cubic Zirconia (CZ) Jewelry

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

mineral (synthetic)

Blue Quartzite

Quartzite with inclusions (SiO2)

Ferruginous Sandstone

Arenite with Iron-Oxide cement (primarily Fe2O3 • nH2O)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

Mineral (Variety of Quartz/Chalcedony)

Ocean Jasper (Orbicular Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron and magnesium inclusions

Quartz (likely a macrocrystalline variety like milky quartz or smoky quartz, given the appearance in the image)

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Lapis Lazuli

Sodium aluminum silicate with sulfur (main component: Lazurite [(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2])

Malachite

Malachite [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Diorite (River Cobble)

Intermediate plutonic igneous rock

igneous

Quartzite

Quartzite (Primary mineral: Quartz, SiO2)

Quartz (Gravel fragment)

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxide)

Asphalt (Road Aggregate)

Bituminous Conglomerate / Asphalt Concrete

Anthropogenic (Man-made)

Milky Quartz Pebble (Iron-stained)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Green Aventurine

Quartz (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions

Schist

Mica Schist

Red Sandstone

Arenite (primarily Quartz with Hematite cement)

Aventurine (specifically Green Aventurine)

Silicon Dioxide (Quartz) with inclusions of Fuchsite; SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O10(OH)2

Chert (variations include Flint/Jasper)

Chert (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Agate (specifically a small Chalcedony nodule)

Agate (Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety Chalcedony

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Charoite

Charoite - K(Ca,Na)2Si4O10(OH,F)·H2O

Agate (specifically, multi-colored or pastel-dyed agate)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - specifically, a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz known as Chalcedony, with banding classified as Agate. (If it were Fluorite, the chemical formula would be Calcium Fluoride - CaF2).