Mineral Precipitate (Anthropogenic Context)

Quartz (likely milky quartz or a stained variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Sandstone

Arenite or Sandstone

Travertine (used in construction, not a 'specimen' in situ)

Travertine

Jasper (likely Polychrome or Desert Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Slag (Industrial Byproduct)

Ferro-silicate glass (Slag)

Slag

Ferrous Slag (Siliceous industrial waste)

Shale with Vein Infillings

Shale (a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock). The veins could be Calcite (CaCO3), Quartz (SiO2), or other minerals.

Jasper (likely a variety of Yellow or Mustard Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Sea Glass (Uranium/Vaseline Glass variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace Uranium Oxide (U3O8)

Sandstone (Pebble/Cobble)

Sandstone (arenite is a more precise term for sandstone with less than 15% matrix; this specimen appears to be a lithic or quartz arenite)

Crushed Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Ferrous Slag (Iron Smelting By-product)

Fused Siliceous Slag

Sea Glass (Kelly Green)

Amorphous Silica (Silicon Dioxide with Iron/Chromium additives)

Sea Glass (specifically Frosted White)

Amorphous Silica (substance: Sodium-calcium silicate glass)

Green Sea Glass

Amorphous Silica (man-made glass), SiO2 + additive metal oxides

Sea Glass (Frosted Glass)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with various additives

Iron Slag

Ferrous slag (primarily silicates and oxides of calcium, iron, and magnesium)

Goldfish Cracker (Culinary Mimic)

Cibus aurum (Commonly composed of Enriched Wheat Flour and Cheddar Cheese)

Red Jasper (with Quartz Veins)

Jasper (var. chert, SiO₂)

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Red Chalcedony (likely dyed)

Chalcedony (a variety of Quartz), SiO2

River Pebble (Likely Chert or Fine-Grained Sandstone/Quartzite)

Siliciclastic clast (likely Chert or Quartzarenite/Quartzite pebble)

Jasper (specifically Bloodstone or Heliotrope variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

Banded Iron Formation

Pet Rock (Man-made Quartzite or Granite Cobble)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) mixture; commonly composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica

Terracotta (Man-made ceramic brick fragment)

Baked clay / High-iron ceramic (Silicate-based ceramic)

Sea Glass (Turquoise/Aqua)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with transition metal dopants

Banded Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Fossil / Permineralized Bone

Tyrannosaurus rex fossil (Hydroxylapatite replaced by various minerals)

Sea Glass (White/Clear)

Amorphous Silica (Alkali-Lime-Silica Glass), SiO2 + Na2O + CaO

Chert (or Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline quartz)

Sandstone

Sandstone (composed primarily of sand-sized minerals or rock grains)

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Geode (Unopened)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in sedimentary vugs

Bornite

Bornite (Cu5FeS4)

Diorite

Diorite (Intermediate intrusive igneous rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (a rock type, not a specific mineral with a formula)

Schist

Schist

Folded Schist / Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Regional Metaphoric Folded Outcrop (predominantly Schist/Gneiss)

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)