Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Chert (Yellow Chert/Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Gray Chalcedony)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Topaz

Topaz (Al2SiO4(F,OH)2)

Ruby in Zoisite with Hornblende

Anyolite (Ruby: Al2O3, Zoisite: Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH))

Chert (specifically Iron-stained River Cobble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasperoid)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Glauconitic Sandstone (Greensand pebble)

Glauconitic Quartz Sandstone (K(Fe,Al)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2)

Amber

Succinite (C10H16O)

Chert (Brown Variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Moonstone

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) with inclusions of Albite (NaAlSi3O8)

Chert (often colloquially referred to as Flint)

Chert (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Chert (Jasper/Iron-stained Quartzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Common Chert)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Quartz Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint for dark variants)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Coquina Limestone (Fossiliferous Limestone)

Calcareous bioclastic sedimentary rock (CaCO3)

Chert (Black Chert/Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Yellow Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (with Quartz veins)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Chalcedony (Banded/Mottled Variety)

Chalcedony (a cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Chert (with Calcite Veining)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) veins

Chert (variously known as Flint or Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Chert (Quartz Variety)

Microcrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Chert (Jasper/Flint variety)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chert (Chert Nodule)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Cherty Flint/Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Dalmatian Jasper

Peralkaline rhyolite with arfvedsonite inclusions

Granitic Pegmatite with Tourmaline/Chlorite

Pegmatite

Dyed Agate

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Yellow Quartz (Citrine Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Dyed Dragon Vein Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dye

Banded Chert

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Chert

Microcrystalline silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Chlorastrolite (Greenstone)

Chlorastrolite (Pumpellyite variety), Ca2(Mg,Fe)Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O