Olivine in Basalt (Peridot)
Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (Mineral) within Basalt (Rock)
igneous
Category
Organic Gem Material (Botanical)
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Olivine (Peridotite/Dunite)
Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 within Peridotite
igneous
Agate and Amethyst (Quartz variants)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz and Crystalline Quartz
mineral
Red Jasper
SiO2 (Microcrystalline Quartz)
Mineral
Amethyst
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Amber
Succinite (C10H16O)
mineraloid
Amber
Succinite (specific to Baltic amber), fossilized tree resin
Organic Mineraloid
Moonstone (bead form)
Potassium Aluminum Silicate (KAlSi3O8) - a variety of Orthoclase Feldspar
Mineral
Citrine (Heat-Treated)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Blue Onyx (Dyed Agate)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with artificial pigment
mineral
Black Opal
Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)
mineral
Olivine (Peridot when gem-quality)
Olivine Group (Magnesium Iron Silicate, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4)
mineral
Granite (tumbled pebble)
Granite (Plutonic Igneous Rock)
Igneous Rock
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon-based organic sedimentary rock transitioned to metamorphic)
metamorphic
Amber
Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)
mineraloid
Opalite
Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)
mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with traces of Iron (Fe3+)
mineral
White Quartz Pebble
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
mineral
Ironstone concretion / Limonitic Sandstone
Goethite/Hematite Cemented Sandstone (Hydrated Iron Oxide)
sedimentary
Spessartine Garnet in Quartz/Feldspar Pegmatite
Spessartine (Mn3Al2(SiO4)3) in Quartz (SiO2) and Feldspar
Mineral in Igneous Rock
Green Tourmaline
Elbaite - Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)4
mineral
Ferrochrome Slag
Anthropogenic slag (Fe-Cr alloy waste)
industrial byproduct
Schist
Schist
metamorphic
Quartz (Milky or Citrine-leaning)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Peridotite
Peridotite (composed largely of Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4)
igneous
Jadeite (Nephrite-Jadeite blend)
Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)
metamorphic
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Garnet in Matrix (likely Almandine in Quartz/Mica Schist)
Almandine Garnet (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3) in Quartz-Feldspar host rock
metamorphic
Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Potassium Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Feldspar (Orthoclase/Potassium Feldspar)
KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)
mineral
Green Aventurine in Host Rock
Quartz (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions
mineral
Garnet (likely Almandine)
Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)
mineral
Chrysocolla
Chrysocolla - (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O
mineral
Kimberlite
Kimberlite (Potassic ultramafic volcanic rock)
igneous
Emerald in Matrix
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities
mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Star Ruby
Corundum (Al2O3 with chromium and rutile inclusions)
mineral
Rough Blue Diamond
Carbon (C) - Type IIb Diamond
mineral
Blue Kyanite
Kyanite (Al2SiO5)
mineral
Beryl (likely Pink/Morganite variety)
Beryllium aluminum silicate (Be3Al2Si6O18)
mineral
Garnet-bearing Quartzite
Metamorphic rock containing Almandine Garnet (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3) and Quartz (SiO2)
metamorphic
Pegmatite (Granitic)
Granite Pegmatite
igneous