Sedimentary (Secondary Mineral Formation)

Ocean Jasper

Orbicular Jasper (varietal of SiO2 with impurities)

Ferrosilicon Slag (Industrial Vitrified Glass)

Vitreous Silicate Residue

Quartzite with Iron Inclusions

Quartzite (largely SiO2) with Hematite/Limonite staining (Fe2O3)

Epidote (Unakite-related)

Epidote (Ca2(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH))

Sandstone (Pebble/Cobble)

Sandstone (arenite is a more precise term for sandstone with less than 15% matrix; this specimen appears to be a lithic or quartz arenite)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (a form of coal, primarily carbon)

Chert (specifically as a lithic artifact/projectile point)

Chert (Silicon dioxide, SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Cockle Shell (Fossil or Recent)

Class Bivalvia, Family Cardiidae (e.g., Cerastoderma edule for common cockle)

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone

Quartz Arenite (a common type of sandstone, given the appearance), Arkose, Greywacke (depending on mineralogy)

Basalt with Quartz Veins

Basalt (composition: SiO2, MgO, FeO, Al2O3, CaO)

Red Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Turritella Agate (Elimia Agate)

Silicified Elimia tenera (formerly misidentified as Turritella)

Ferruginous Quartz (Iron-stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions (Limonite/Hematite)

Jasper

Jasper (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Variety of Chalcedony

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Labradorite

(Ca, Na)(Al, Si)4O8 (Plagioclase Feldspar)

Amethyst

Silicon dioxide with iron impurities (SiO2 + Fe3+)

Druzy Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic rock)

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) with Iron Oxide impurities

Tree Agate (Dendritic Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Manganese/Iron inclusions

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with Iron impurities)

Red Jasper

Jasper (Silica-rich Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2 with Iron Oxide)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Quartzite Pebble

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Vesicular Basalt with secondary mineral infilling (commonly Zeolites, Calcite, or Quartz)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Brick

Fired clay or Ceramic material (no specific mineralogical scientific name as it's a composite)

Fluorite Bracelet (light green beads) and possibly Lavender Jadeite (purple bead)

Fluorite: CaF₂ (Calcium Fluoride); Jadeite: NaAlSi₂O₆ (Sodium Aluminum Silicate)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Red Jasper (beads)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Painted River Rock

Anthropogenic-modified Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rock

Cobaltoan Calcite / Pink Dolomite (Possible)

Cobaltoan Calcite: (Ca,Co)CO3; Pink Dolomite (or Thulite): CaMg(CO3)2 or Mn-Dolomite / (Thulite: Mn2+3Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH))

Basalt with Iron Oxidation

Amygdaloidal Basalt (silicate rock primarily plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine)

Sandstone (likely Siltstone or Mudstone variety)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with iron oxides)