Sedimentary Or Igneous

Sodalite

Sodalite - Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

Quartz (likely a clear or rock crystal variety)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz (likely Milky Quartz or Chalcedony)

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz (vein quartz)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

River Pebble (Basalt/Greywacke)

Weathered Basalt or Fine-Grained Greywacke

Gneiss

Gneiss

Green Aventurine and Clear Quartz

Aventurine (variety of Quartz - SiO2) and Quartz (SiO2)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Biotite Mica

Biotite, K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Granite

Granite

White Topaz

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂ - Silicon Dioxide)

Black Chert

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Greenstone or Epidote-rich rock

Epidote or Chlorite schist/greenstone

Quartz (likely) or a Quartzite Pebble

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) for quartz. If it's quartzite, it's a metamorphic rock primarily composed of quartz.

Milky Quartz

Quartz (SiO2)

Pyrite

Pyrite (Iron Disulfide), FeS2

Quartz

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

River Pebbles and Quartz

Mixed Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks (Silicon Dioxide SiO2 dominant)

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese

Graphite

Graphite (Carbon, C)

Pink Opal / Peruvian Opal

Hydrated amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Apatite

Apatite Group (e.g., Fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F, Chlorapatite Ca5(PO4)3Cl, Hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH))

Rock Crystal Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

Gneiss (specifically a Banded Gneiss pebble)

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Quartz (likely Clear Quartz or Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO2)

Biotite Mica

Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2)

Labradorite

(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

River Cobble (likely Basalt or Chert)

Siliceous River Rock / Microcrystalline Quartz / Mafic Igneous

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Labradorite

Labradorite (Ca, Na)(Al, Si)4O8

Sodalite

Sodium Aluminum Silicate Chloride (Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2)

Crystal Quartz Beads (likely Clear Quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Fluorite in Matrix

Fluorite (CaF2) within a host rock matrix

Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of variable composition, typically SiO2 rich)