sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz-rich)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or earthy yellow
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in deserts, river beds, or beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, for paving stones, grindstones, and in glass manufacturing if the quartz content is high.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is often porous and can act as an important aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for oil and gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in canyon walls, coastal cliffs, and desert outcrops.
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