sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or rusty orange (iron oxides); Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or rusty orange (iron oxides)
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or rusty orange (iron oxides); Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, primarily quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Geological age varies widely from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Widely used as an architectural stone for building facings, flooring, and landscaping. Historically used for grinding stones and in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone can be a significant aquifer and petroleum reservoir due to its porosity. Famous examples include the red cliffs of the Grand Canyon and the Nabataean city of Petra in Jordan.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. Often displays bedding planes or cross-bedding. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide.
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