sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz with Hematite/Limonite oxides)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), but overall friable; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, granular texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains), but overall friable
- Color
- Tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains), but overall friable; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, granular texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains (mostly quartz) in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. The reddish tint suggests oxidation of iron minerals during or after deposition.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in glass manufacturing, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas. Smaller specimens are typical for educational collections.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient water currents. It makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It can often be scratched with a steel blade or will crumble slightly under pressure if poorly cemented. Found globally in sedimentary basins.
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