sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, or white; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Typically tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, or white
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified February 12, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand grains, primarily quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. It can range in age from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material and paving stone due to its durability. In industry, high-silica sandstone is crushed for glass making and used in hydraulic fracturing (frac sand).

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is highly porous and often serves as an important aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for petroleum and natural gas.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, abrasive feel—similar to sandpaper. Look for visible bedding planes (layers). It is found globally, with notable formations in the Grand Canyon and the American Southwest. Collectors value specimens with unique ripples or fossil inclusions.