sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with various cementing agents)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (breaks irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (breaks irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Usually deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. Sandstone aquifers are also critical sources of groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and exposed canyon walls. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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