sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz: SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains of quartz); Color: tan, yellow, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: dull to earthy; Texture: clastic/granular with a sandpaper feel; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains of quartz)
- Color
- tan, yellow, or buff due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains of quartz); Color: tan, yellow, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: dull to earthy; Texture: clastic/granular with a sandpaper feel; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). Usually deposited by wind, water, or ice in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Geological age can range from Precambrian to Recent.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as a building stone and for decorative paving. High-purity quartz sandstone is used as a source of silica for glassmaking. Also a major reservoir for groundwater and oil/natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Many famous historical structures, like the 'Red City' of Petra or the monuments of the American Southwest (Arches National Park), are made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'gritty' or sandpaper-like texture when rubbed. It can be found globally in outcrop areas of sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for examples with unique weathering rinds or bedding planes.
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