sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments (dominantly quartz and feldspar) in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, in the glass manufacturing industry (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic red rock formations of Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Common in arid regions or ancient oceanic basins. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossils.
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