sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts) in environments such as deserts, river beds, or beaches. Iron oxides often act as the cementing agent, giving it the brown tint.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass making if pure enough, and as a common specimen for educational geological kits.
Geological facts
Sandstone contains a record of the past, often preserving ripple marks, cross-bedding, and even fossils that indicate the flow direction of ancient water currents.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is very common globally in sedimentary basins. Look for layering (bedding planes).
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