sedimentary

Sand (Construction Grade)

Unconsolidated siliciclastic sediment (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal (as individual quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: Approx 2.65.

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains)
Color: Tan, beige, or light brown
Luster: Dull to vitreous

Identified February 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the mechanical and chemical weathering of igneous (granitic) or metamorphic rocks over millions of years. It is transported by water or wind and deposited in alluvial plain or beach environments.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in construction as a fine aggregate for concrete, mortar, and asphalt. Also used in glass manufacturing, sandblasting, and water filtration systems.

Geological facts

Sand is the second most used natural resource in the world after water. While it seems infinite, specific 'angular' construction sand is a finite resource currently facing a global shortage due to urbanization.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its granular texture and visible mineral grains (usually quartz, feldspar, and mica). In the field, look for alluvial deposits, riverbeds, or glacial outwash plains. Use a hand lens to see grain rounding and sorting.

Other sedimentary specimens

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Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

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Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

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Shale or Slaty Mudstone

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

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Chert Breccia

Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)

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Sandstone (Quartz-rich)

Arenite (SiO2)

sedimentary

Sandstone (with man-made markings)

Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2)

sedimentary