sedimentary

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon)

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Black or brownish-black; Luster: Submetallic or vitreous/glassy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8

Hardness: 2
Color: Black or brownish-black
Luster: Submetallic or vitreous/glassy

Identified April 12, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Black or brownish-black; Luster: Submetallic or vitreous/glassy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.3–1.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the burial and intense subterranean metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal over millions of years (often Carboniferous period). It is the highest rank of coal, having undergone the most pressure and heat.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for high-grade domestic and industrial heating, as a filter medium in water purification, and historically as a smokeless fuel.

Geological facts

Anthracite contains the highest percentage of fixed carbon (86%-98%) and the lowest amount of impurities of all coal types. It burns with a blue flame and without smoke.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its shiny, almost metallic jet-black appearance, lack of soot when handled compared to bituminous coal, and its tendency to break with a shell-like (conchoidal) fracture. Commonly found in Pennsylvania, USA, South Wales, and parts of China.