sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: Tan to light cream/grey-green, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented sand-sized grains), Cleavage: None (fractures across grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: Tan to light cream/grey-green, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of cemented sand-sized grains), Cleavage: None (fractures across grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized grains (mostly quartz and feldspar). These grains are deposited in environments such as deserts, river deltas, or beaches and then cemented together by minerals like silica or calcium carbonate over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a building material and paving stone. In industry, high-purity sandstone is crushed to extract silica for glass making. Small specimens are often used as educational tools or natural décor.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. Because it is porous, it often acts as a natural aquifer, storing large quantities of groundwater or petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Found globally in canyon walls and outcrops. Collectors often look for examples with unique weathering shapes or cross-bedding layers.
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