sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, reddish-brown due to iron oxide, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: clastic (visible grains), Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, reddish-brown due to iron oxide, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: clastic (visible grains), Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically deposited in deserts, riverbeds, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a building material, in the manufacturing of glass, for road construction, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and Petra, Jordan, are composed of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (bedding). It is found worldwide in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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